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Why is C++ so popular? Because it has two things –
- Efficiency
- Versatility
And it can work with any level of programmer i.e. from beginner to an extremely experienced one. Here in this article, we will give you a journey of the C++ concepts and the necessary knowledge for bringing the programmer in you to a happy place.
Basics
With C++ you can create amazing computer programs.
The function ‘Main’
It is the function where the program begins. It is like the first ingredient in the recipe called program.
Variables
Variables are like storage pots where you can store numbers or data. You can input age, score, names and true false situations in variables. That way program will remember the data that you put in variables.
Input & Output
It is the fundamental conversational tone of the program. You input something and get the result in the form of output. Ask questions, get answers. Then see the results and everything.
If-else statements
They control the flow of the program. If-else statements help you in making decisions based on preconceived notions. It’s like choosing paths in the game or picking something from the table based on the decision-making capabilities.
Loops
When you want something to repeat in the program – we use loops. It allows you to do something over and over again until your goal is achieved. There are many loops in C++ – for loops, while loops, and do-while loops.
Functions
Functions can be understood as mini-programs inside the main program. They can be given specific tasks and then use them whenever you want. It’s like using an assistant to complete major work.
Based on these basics you can create your simple program and have fun. Now we will move to the advanced level.
Advanced Concepts in C++
Templates
When you want to write code that is flexible and reusable, you use templates. Templates allow you to form functions and classes. These functions and classes help you in working with different data types. When you have a template, you have blueprints of programs that can be used anywhere.
Exception Handling
Program execution will lead to errors or something that you have not thought of before. These errors or unexpected situations can be handled using exception handling allowing your program to run error-free or glitch-free.
File Handling
Files can be accessed by C++ programs if you ask them to. These files can be of any type – text files or binary files. Read and write them whenever you want. Virtual storage space will allow you to have files in the program and then do many things with it. Like creating a file, you are opening a file, reading, writing and closing the files to access data.
Standard Template Library
This library will provide data structures like vectors, lists and maps with algorithms for programming. This method of programming will allow you to make an efficient and convenient program. These libraries allow you to have pre-built tools and enhance the programs.
Smart Pointers
Memory management in C++ can be usually done with referencing system. Smart pointers allow you to automatically handle allocation and deallocation. Memory leaks are handled in a manner that allows you to be more efficient.
Lambdas
When you want to define anonymous functions in your program – Lambdas are used. This will allow you to write code quickly. For it, you don’t need a separate function declaration.
Conclusion
C++ is very reliable and flexible. Using these basic and advanced methods you can easily create programs from scratch and then make programs that will allow you to be an efficient programmer. Every language today is using C++ as a base and that is the beauty of its efficient program style.
